God's Eugenicist: Alexis Carrel and the Sociobiology of Decline. "Alexis Carrel the Unknown: Eugenics and Population Research under Vichy". Alexis Carrel est nomme regent de la Fondation. "Loi du 17 novembre 1941 Creation de la Fondation.Others joined Robert Debré's National Hygiene Institute which later became INSERM. Most members of Carrel's team moved to INED, led by demographist Alfred Sauvy, who coined the expression " Third World". The Foundation itself was "purged", but resurfaced soon after as the French Institute for Demographic Studies (INED) after the war. Ĭarrel was suspended after the liberation of Paris in August 1944 and died soon thereafter, thus avoiding the inevitable purge. The institute also established the livret scolaire, which could be used to record students' grades in the French secondary schools, and thus classify and select them according to scholastic performance. It promoted the 16 December 1942 Act which established the prenuptial certificate, which was required before marriage and which sought to insure the good health of the spouses, in particular in regard to sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and "life hygiene". The Foundation made many positive accomplishments during its time. The foundation employed 300 researchers from the summer of 1942 to the end of the autumn of 1944. The Foundation initiated studies on demographics (Robert Gessain, Paul Vincent, Jean Bourgeois), nutrition (Jean Sutter), and housing (Jean Merlet), as well as the first polls ( Jean Stoetzel). ![]() Ĭharged with "the comprehensive study of the most appropriate measures needed to safeguard, improve, and advance the French people in all their activities," the Foundation was created by decree of the Vichy regime in 1941, and Carrel was appointed as "regent". Its ambitious mission was to give an account of the "human element associating the soul and the body". Carrel, who had worked previously with Philippe Pétain during the First World War, accepted an offer to establish and lead a foundation for the study of human problems. Īlexis Carrel spent most of his career at the Rockefeller Institute in New York and returned to France just before the outbreak of World War II. The French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems ( French: Fondation française pour l'étude des problèmes humains), often referred to as the Alexis Carrel Foundation or the Carrel Foundation, was a eugenics organization created by Nobel laureate in Medicine Alexis Carrel under the Vichy regime in World War II France.
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